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Thomas á Kempis
1380 - 1471 Person Name: Thomas a Kempis Author (attributed to) of "The Only Son From Heaven" in The A.M.E. Zion Hymnal Thomas of Kempen, commonly known as Thomas à Kempis, was born at Kempen, about fifteen miles northwest of Düsseldorf, in 1379 or 1380. His family name was Hammerken. His father was a peasant, whilst his mother kept a dame's school for the younger children of Kempen. When about twelve years old he became an inmate of the poor-scholars' house which was connected with a "Brother-House" of the Brethren of the Common Life at Deventer, where he was known as Thomas from Kempen, and hence his well-known name. There he remained for six years, and then, in 1398, he was received into the Brotherhood. A year later he entered the new religious house at Mount St. Agnes, near Zwolle. After due preparation he took the vows in 1407, was priested in 1413, became Subprior in 1425, and died according to some authorities on July 26. and others on Aug. 8, 1471.
Much of his time was occupied in copying Missals, Breviaries, and other devotional and religious works. His original writings included a chronicle of the monastery of St. Agnes, several biographies, tracts and hymns, and, but not without some doubt as to his authorship the immortal Imitatio Christi, which has been translated into more languages than any other book, the Bible alone excepted. His collected works have been repeatedly published, the best editions being Nürnberg, 1494, Antwerp in 1607 (Thomae Malleoli à Kempis . . . Opera omnia), and Paris in 1649. An exhaustive work on St. Thomas is Thomas à Kempis and the Brothers of the Common Life, by S. W. Kettlewell, in 2 vols., Lond., 1882. In this work the following of his hymns are translated by the Rev. S. J. Stone:—
i. From his Vita Boni Monachi, ii.:—
1. Vitam Jesu Christi. Imitation of Christ. Be the life of Christ thy Saviour.
2. Apprehende anna. Christian Armour. Take thy weapons, take thy shield.
3. Sustine dolores. Resignation. Bear thy sorrows with Laurentius.
ii. From his Cantica Spiritualia:—
4. 0 dulcissime Jesu. Jesus the most Dear. 0 [Child] Christ Jesu, closest, dearest.
5. 0 Vera summa Trinitas. Holy Trinity. Most true, most High, 0 Trinity.
6. Ad versa mundi tolera. Resignation. Bear the troubles of thy life.
7. 0 qualis quantaque laetitia. Eternal Life. 0 joy the purest, noblest.
Of these translations Mr. Stone has repeated Nos. 5, 6, and 7 in his Hymns, 1886, and No. 4 in a rewritten form as "Jesus, to my heart most precious," in the same. Pastor O. A. Spitzen has recently published from a manuscript circa 1480, ten additional hymns by Thomas, in his “Nalezing op mijn Thomas à Kempis," Utrecht, 1881. Six of these had previously been printed anonymously by Mone. The best known are "Jerusalem gloriosa", and "Nec quisquam oculis vidit". We may add that Thomas's hymnwriting is not regarded as being of the highest standard, and that the modern use of his hymns in any form is very limited.
-- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)
Thomas á Kempis
Elisabeth Cruciger
Person Name: Elizabeth Cruciger, 1500-1535 Author of "The Only Son from Heaven" in Lutheran Book of Worship See
Elisabeth Cruciger
Bruce R. Backer
b. 1929 Person Name: Bruce R. Backer, b. 1929 Arranger of "HERR CHRIST, DER EINIG GOTTS SOHN" in Christian Worship Bruce R. Backer was a professor at Dr. Martin Luther College, New Ulm, MN and is a well-known composer and organist. He is also a Lutheran liturgiologist and hymnologist.
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Bruce R. Backer
Anonymous
Person Name: Unknown Composer of "GUD FADERS" in The Cyber Hymnal In some hymnals, the editors noted that a hymn's author is unknown to them, and so this artificial "person" entry is used to reflect that fact. Obviously, the hymns attributed to "Author Unknown" "Unknown" or "Anonymous" could have been written by many people over a span of many centuries.
Anonymous
Arthur T. Russell
1806 - 1874 Person Name: A. T. Russell, 1806-74 Translator of "The Only Son from Heaven" in Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary Arthur Tozer Russell was born at Northampton, March 20, 1806. He entered S. John's College, Cambridge, in 1824, took the Hulsean Prize in 1825, and was afterwards elected to a scholarship. He was ordained Deacon in 1829, Priest in 1830, and the same year was appointed Vicar of Caxton. In 1852, he was preferred to the vicarage of Whaddon. In 1863, he removed to S. Thomas', Toxteth Park, near Liverpool, and in 1867, to Holy Trinity, Wellington, Salop. He is the editor and author of numerous publications, among them several volumes of hymns.
--Annotations of the Hymnal, Charles Hutchins, 1872.
=================================
Russell, Arthur Tozer , M.A. He was the son of the Rev. Thomas Clout, who later changed his surname for Russell (Gentlemen’s Magazine, 1848), an Independent or Congregational minister who won for himself a good reputation by editing the works of Tyndale, Frith, Barnes, and Dr. John Owen, &c. He was born at Northampton, March 20, 1806; educated at St. Saviour's School, Southwark, and at the Merchant Taylors' School, London. In 1822-24 he was at Manchester College, York. In 1825 he entered St. John's College, Cambridge, as a sizar, and in his freshman year gained the Hulsean Prize, its subject being, "In what respects the Law is a Schoolmaster to bring men to Christ." In 1829 he was ordained by the Bishop of Lincoln (Kaye), and licensed to the Curacy of Great Gransden, Hunts, and in 1830 was preferred to the Vicarage of Caxton, which he held till 1852. During his ministry here he published the following works: The Claims of the Church of England upon the Affections of the People (1832); Sermons for Fasts and Festivals; A Critique upon Keble's Sermon on Tradition, in opposition. About 1840 appeared his Apology of the Church of England and an Epistle to Seignor Sapio concerning the Council of Trent, translated from the original Latin of Bishop Jewell. About the same time appeared Hymn Tunes, Original and Selected from Ravenscroft and other old Musicians, In 1841 was published A Manual of Daily Prayer. In 1844 Memorials of the Works and Life of Dr. Thomas Fuller….
His first appearance as a hymnwriter was in the 3rd edition of the hymn-book published by his father (1st ed. 1813), and known amongst Congregationalists as Russet's Appendix. In 1847 followed The Christian Life. In 1851 Psalms and Hymns, partly original, partly selected, for the use of the Church of England. … In 1867 he removed to Wrockwardine Wood, Shropshire, where he remained until 1874, when he was presented to the Rectory of Southwick, near Brighton. Here he died after a long and distressing illness, on the 18th of November, 1874. In his earlier years he was an extreme High Churchman, but by the study of St. Augustine his views were changed and he became, and continued to the end, a moderate Calvinist. His original hymns are gracious and tender, thoughtful and devout. His translations on the whole are vigorous and strong, but somewhat ultra-faithful to the original metres, &c. He left behind him a History of the Bishops of England and Wales in manuscript sufficient to form three or four goodly octavos, and numerous MS. Notes on the Text of the Greek Testament; and also a large number of original chants and hymntunes in manuscripts. [Rev. A. B. Grossart, DD. LLD.]
Of Russell's hymns a large number are included i Kennedy, 1863, and several also are in a few of the lesser known collections….Of his original hymns, about 140 in all, including those in Dr. Maurice's Choral Hymn Book, 1861, the following are found in a few collections:—
1. Christ is risen! O'er His foes He reigneth. Easter.
2. Give praise to God our King. Praise.
3. Great is the Lord; 0 let us raise. Ps. xlviii.
4. Hail, 0 hail, Our lowly King. Praise to Christ.
5. Hail, 0 Lord, our Consolation. Christ, the Consoler.
6. Holy Ghost, Who us instructest. Whitsuntide.
7. Holy Spirit given. Whitsuntide.
8. Hosanna, bless the Saviour's Name. Advent.
9. In the mount it shall be seen. Consolation.
10. In the tomb, behold He lies. Easter Eve. Sometimes "In the night of death, He lies."
11. Jesu, at Thy invitation. Holy Communion.
12. Jesu, Thou our pure [chief] delight. Praise for Salvation.
13. Jesu, when I think on Thee. In Afflictio.
14. Jesu, Who for my transgression. Good Friday.
15. Jesu, Lord most mighty. Lent .
16. Lift thine eyes far hence to heaven. Looking Onward. Sometimes "Lift thy longing eyes to heaven."
17. Lo, in 'mid heaven the angel flies. The Message of The Gospel.
18. Lord, be Thou our Strength in weakness. In Affliction.
19. Lord, my hope in Thee abideth. Hope in Jesus.
20. Lord, when our breath shall fail in death. Death anticipated.
21. Lord, Who hast formed me. Self-Consecration.
22. My God, to Thee I fly. In Affliction. Sometimes "Great God, to Thee we fly."
23. Night's shadows falling. Evening.
24. Now be thanks and praise ascending . Praise.
25. Now to Christ, our Life and Light. Evening.
26. 0 glorious, 0 triumphal day. Easter.
27. O God of life, Whose power benign. Trinity. In the Dalston Hymns for Public Worship, &c, 1848.
28. 0 Head and Lord of all creation. Passiontide.
29. 0 Jesu, blest is he. Consolation.
30. O Jesu! we adore Thee. Good Friday.
31. O Saviour, on the heavenly throne. The Divine Guide and Protector.
32. O Thou Who over all dost reign. Church Defence.
33. Praise and blessing, Lord, be given. Praise to Jesus.
34. Praise the Lord: praise our King. Advent.
35. The Lord unto my Lord thus said. Ps. cx.
36. The Morning [promised] Star appeareth. Christmas.
37. The night of darkness fast declineth. Missions.
38. The way to heaven Thou art, O Lord. Jesus the Way, Truth, and Life. Sometimes "Thou art the Way: Heaven's gate, O Lord."
39. Thou Who hast to heaven ascended. Ascension.
40. To Him Who for our sins was slain. Praise to Jesus, the Saviour. Written Friday, Jan. 24, 1851.
41. We praise, we bless Thee. Holy Trinity.
42. What, my spirit, should oppress thee. In Affliction.
43. What though through desert paths Thou leadest? Security and Consolation in Christ.
44. Whom shall I, my [we our] refuge making. Lent. Sometimes "Whom shall we our Refuge making."
45. Whosoe'er in Me believeth. The Resurrection.
46. Why, O why cast down, my spirit? In Affliction.
47. With awe Thy praise we sinners sing. Lent. Sometimes "With trembling awe Thy praise we sing."
48. With cheerful hope, my soul, arise. Security in God.
49. Ye hosts that His commands attend. Universal Praise of Jesus.
50. Your adoration, O earth and heaven, unite. Universal Praise to Christ.
Unless otherwise stated, all the above appeared in Russell's Psalms & Hymns, 1851. The total number of original hymns contributed by him to Maurice's Choral Hymn Book was 21.
--Exerpts from John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)
Arthur T. Russell
Elisabeth Creutziger
1500 - 1535 Person Name: E. Cruciger, c. 1500-1535 Author of "The Only Son from Heaven" in Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary Cruciger, Elisabethe, née von Meseritz, was the daughter of a family belonging to the Polish nobility. Her parents, suffering from the persecutions of these times, had been forced to seek refuge at Wittenberg There, in May or June, 1524, she was married to Caspar Cruciger, son of a Leipzig burgess, who had enrolled himself as a student at Wittenberg in 1522. Cruciger, who was treated by Luther as his own son and accounted his most hopeful pupil, became in 1525 Rector of St. John’s School and preacher in St. Stephen's Church, Magdeburg; and in 1528 was called to become professor in the philosophical faculty at Wittenberg, but, by Luther's wish, was appointed one of the professors of Theology. Of his wife, who died at Wittenberg, May, 1535, little is known save that she was a friend of Luther's wife, a lover of music, and an affectionate wife and mother (Koch, i. 281-285; Caspar Cruciger, by Dr. Pressel, Elberfeld,1862, p. 76; Allg. Deutsche Biographie, xviii. 148, &c). The only hymn known as by her is:—
Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn. Christmas, first published in Eyn Enchiridion, Erfurt, 1524. In the Geistliche Lieder, Wittenberg, 1531, it is given as "Ein geistlich liedt von Christo, Elisabet Creutzigerin," and from the Rostock Gesang-Buch, 1531, it seems clear that in King's Gesang-Buch, Wittenberg, 1529, it bore the same title. Wackernagel , iii. pp. 46-47, gives four forms, all in 5 stanzas of 7 lines. In the Unverfälschter Liedersegen, 1851, No. 37.
Koch, i., 282, calls it "a sublime hymn fully embracing in itself the true power of the Gospel." It has been ascribed to Andreas Knopken, but for this external evidence is entirely wanting, and in the Riga Kirchenordnung, 1537, in which his hymns appeared, this hymn is ascribed to E. Cruciger. That he as a theologian might fitly have written a hymn such as this, displaying power of theological expression (cf. st. v.) and knowledge of Latin (cf. st. i. with Prudentius's "Corde natus ex parentis") may be granted, but ladies learned in Latin and theology were not unknown in those days.
Translations in common use:—
1. The only Son from heaven. A good translation of stanzas i.-iii., by A. T. Russell, as No. 41 in his Psalms & Hymns, 1851, repeated, with alterations, as No. 119 in Kennedy, 1863.
2. O Thou, of God the Father. A translation of stanzas i., iii., iv., by Miss Winkworth, as No. 155 in her Chorale Book for England , 1863, and thence as No. 277 in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880.
Translations not in common use:—
(1) "Christ is the only Sonne of God," by Bp. Coverdale, 1539, (Remains, 1846, p. 553). Almost identical with (2) "Christ is the onlie Son of God," in the Gude and Godly Ballates (ed. 1567-8, folio 74), ed. 1868, p. 127. (3) "Lord Christ the eternal Father's” in the Supplement to German Psalmody, ed. 1765, p. 3. (4) "Christ, that only begotten," as No. 335 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754. (5) "Thou Maker of each creature," No. 193 in the Moravian Hymn Book, 1789, is st. iii., iv. of the 1754, rewritten by P. H. Molther. In later editions a translation of st. vi. of "Herr Jesu, Gnadensonne" (see L. A. Gotter, No. i.) was added. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.]
--John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)
Elisabeth Creutziger
Joseph Herl
Person Name: Joseph Herl, b. 1959 Arranger of "HERR CHRIST, DER EINIG GOTTS SOHN" in Lutheran Service Book HERL, JOSEPH, AAGO, ChM (b. 1959): B.A. (Music), Concordia College, New York; M.Mus. (Organ), North Texas State University; Ph.D. (Musicology), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Professor of Music at Concordia University, Seward, Nebraska and organist of Redeemer Lutheran Church, Lincoln, Nebraska. Author of Worship Wars in Early Lutheranism (Oxford University Press, 2004); choral and organ music published by Oxford, Concordia, and MorningStar.
Joseph Herl (from In Melody and Song, Darcey Press, 2014
Joseph Herl
