Phillip Melanchthon

Melanchthon, Philipp, son of Georg Schwarzert, armourer to the Elector Philipp of the Palatinate, was born at Bretten, near Carlsruhe, Feb. 16, 1497. From 1507 to 1509 he attended the Latin school at Pforzheim, and here he was already, by Johann Reuchlin, called Melanchthon (the Greek form of "Black Earth," his German surname). In October, 1509, he entered the University of Heidelberg (B.A. 1511), and on Sept. 17, 1512, matriculated at Tubingen, where he graduated M.A., Jan. 25, 1514, and where he remained till 1518 as private lecturer in the philosophical faculty. On Aug. 29, 1518, he was appointed professor of Greek at the University of Wittenberg, and in January, 1526, also Professor of theology. He died at Wittenberg, April 19, 1560 (Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, xxi. 268, &c). Melanchthon is best known as one of the leaders of the German Reforma¬tion; as a theologian (Loci communes, 1521, &c.); and as the framer of the famous Confession presented to the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, and still accepted as a standard by all the sections of Lutheranism in Germany, America, and elsewhere. His poems and hymns were written in Latin, and exercised no appreciable influence on the development of German hymnody. They were edited by Grathusen in 1560, Vincent 1563, Major 1575, &c.; the most complete edition being that by O. G. Bretschneider, at Halle, 1842 (Corpus Reformatorum, vol. x.). A number of his hymns are translated by Miss Fry in her Echoes of Eternity, 1859. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.]

-- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)