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Albert Knapp
1798 - 1864 Meter: 10.6.10.6.8.8.4 Author of "Father of heaven, Who hast created all" in The Hymnal Knapp, Albert, was born July 25, 1798, at Tübingen, where his father (1800, Oberanitmann at Alpirsbach in the Black Forest, and 1809, Oberamtmann at Rottweil) was then advocate at the Court of Appeal. In the autumn of 1814 he entered the Theological Seminary at Maulbronn, and in 1816 the Theological College at Tübingen, where he also graduated M.A. at the University. In November, 1820, he became assistant clergyman at Feuerbach, near Stuttgart; and in July, 1821, at Gaisburg, near Stuttgart. He was appointed, in Feb., 1825, diaconus (Heifer) at Sulz on the Neckar, and also pastor of the neighbouring village of Holzhausen; in June, 1831, archidiaconus at Kirchheim-unter-Teck, along with Bahnmaier (q.v.); in May, 1836, diaconus of the Hospitalkirche in Stuttgart ; and in October, 1837, archidiaconus of the Stiftskirche. He was finally appointed, in December, 1845, Stadtpfarrer at St. Leonhard's Church in Stuttgart, where, after having been for some time partially disabled by paralysis, he preached his last sermon, Feb. 13, 1863. He died at Stuttgart, June 18, 1864 (Koch, vii. 213; Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie xvi. 263, &c).
Knapp as a Poet possessed not merely very considerable talent, but also natural originality. He was preeminently a lyric poet; the best of his secular poems being those which celebrate the history and the scenery of his beloved Swabia. His poems are characterised by rich play of fancy, wealth of ideas and of figures, masterly word-painting, capacity of feeling, ease of expression, and sonorous and musical rhythm. Unfortunately the very flow of his imagination betrayed him, for the greatest fault of his poems is that they are at once too numerous and too long (and it must be added sometimes too rhetorical and too eager to point a moral); what was easy writing becomes hard reading.
As a Hymn-writer, among the recent hymn-writers of Germany, Knapp holds a high place, perhaps we might say the highest of all. To his hymn-writing he brought his powers as a poet, and the depth of his nature as an earnest and sincere disciple of Jesus Christ. In his hymns his aim was to make known the fulness of the grace of God, and to reveal the wealth and depth of Holy Scripture, and the love of God to all mankind. Their earnestness, their experimental Christianity, their Scripturalness and their beauty of form have gained for many of them a place in all recent German hymn-books. They have somewhat unaccountably been neglected by English translators. It is certainly surprising that in the Hymns from the Land of Luther not one version from Knapp finds a place. While all the hymns of Spitta's Psalter und Harfe have passed into English, and many of them in half a dozen different versions, comparatively few of Knapp's hymns have been translated, though they rank much higher as poetry, and are more suited for Church use than those by Spitta.
As a Hymnologist Knapp did good service by his Christoterpe [complete set in Berlin], an annual which he edited from 1833 to 1853, in which many of his own pieces appeared, and also many of the best poems and, hymns of Hey, Meta Heusser-Schweizer, and various others. He was also the compiler of the Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz (frequently referred to in this Dictionary as Knapp's Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz), the most elaborate German hymnbook of recent times. Of this the first edition, with 3590 hymns, appeared at Stuttgart in 1837, and a Supplement entitled Christenlieder, 1841, added 250 more. In his second edition, 1850 (3067 hymns) he omitted many of the third-rate hymns of his first edition, added many of a higher class, and gave the hymns more nearly (but by no means exactly) as the authors wrote them. The third edition, 1865 (3130 hymns, concluded by his son), was further im¬proved, and the notices of the authors of the hymns were revised and enlarged. As a comprehensive collection with a specially full representation of good modern hymns it has no rival in German. He was also one of the editors of the Württemberg Gesang-Buch of 1842. The editions which he prepared of the Hymns of Gottfried Arnold (1845) and N. L. von Zinzendorf (1845) are of interest, but he took most unwarrantable liberties with the originals; many pieces being not merely abridged but rewritten "to suit the requirements of the 19th century."
Knapp's original hymns appeared principally in his Christoterpe and Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz, as above; and also in his
(1) Christliche Gedichte, 2 vols., Basel, 1829. (2) Neuere Gedichte, 2 yols., Basel, 1834, some¬times ranked as vols. iii., iv. of No. 1. (3) Gedichte, Neueste Folge, Stuttgart, 1843. (4) Herbstblüthen, Stuttgart, 1859. Those which have passed into English common use are:—
i. Aus deiner Eltern Armen. Holy Baptism. This and No. iv. seem to have been written for the baptism of his own children. First published in his Christoterpe, 1850, p. 222, in 3 st. of 8 1., entitled "Baptismal Hymn," and repeated in his Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz, 1850, No. 846 (1865, No. 875). The translation in common use is
Thy parent's arms now yield thee. In the original metre by Miss Winkworth in her Lyra Germanica, 2nd Ser., 1858, p. 89; and thence in Kennedy, 1863. Slightly altered for metrical reasons in her Chorale Book for England, 1863, No. 89.
ii. Blick aus diesem Erdenthale (p. 150 i.).
iii. Einst fahren wir vom Vaterlande (p. 326 ii.).
iv. 0 Vaterherz, das Erd' und Himmel schuf. Holy Baptism. A beautiful hymn of supplication to (i.) God the Creator; (ii.) God the Redeemer; (iii.) God the Sanctifier; on behalf of the child, ending with a prayer to the Holy Trinity for guidance and blessing throughout its life. First published in his Christenlieder, 1841, No. 89, in 4 st. of 9 1., repeated in his Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz, 1850, No. 847 (1865, No. 876). The translation in common use is :—
0 Father-Heart, Who hast created all. A good and full translation by Miss Winkworth in herLyra Germanica, 2nd Ser., 1858, p. 87, repeated in the Schaff-Gilman Library of Religious Poetry, ed. 1883, p.437. In the hymnals it appears in the following forms, all beginning with st. i.:—
1. 0 Father, Thou Who hast created all. In Hymns Ancient & Modern, 1861 and 1875, and others.
2. Father! Who hast created all. In Adams's American Church Pastorals, 1864, being the Hymns Ancient & Modern version reduced to CM.
3. Father, Who hast created all. In the Pennsylvania Lutheran Church Book, 1868, in 8.6.8.6.8.8. metre.
4. Father of heaven, Who hast created all. In Kennedy, 1863; the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge Church Hymns, 1871; Thring's Collection, 1882; and in America in M. W. Stryker's Christian Chorals, 1885.
Hymns not in English common use :—
v. Abend ist es; Herr, die Stunde. Evening. Written at Sulz, June 19, 1828 (Koch, vii. 224). First published in his Christliche Gedichte, 1829, i. p. 9, in 10 st. Translated as "It is evening, and the hour, Lord," by Miss Manington, 1863, p. 130.
vi. Eines wünsch ich mir vor allem Andern. Love to Christ. First published in his Christliche Gedichte, 1829, i. p. 151, in 4 st., entitled "My Wish." Lauxmann, in Koch, viii. 59, says it was written, April 23, 1823, while Knapp was at Gaisburg, for the use of a young girl at Stuttgart who was about to be confirmed. Dr. Schaff classes it as the finest and most popular church hymn of its author. Translated as "More than all, one thing my heart is craving," by T. C. Porter, April 13, 1868, for Schaff's Christ in Song, 1869, p. 625.
vii. Geh hin! der Herr hat dich gerufen. Burial of a child. Written, 1844, on the death of his son Manuel. First published in his Christoterpe, 1849, p. 139, in 4 st. Translated as “Go hence! the Lord hath called thee home," by Dr. J. Guthrie, in his Sacred Lyrics, 1869, p. 112.
viii. Geh zum Schlummer ohne Kummer. Burial. Written in memory of his first wife, who died April 11, 1835. First published in Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz, 1837, No. 3432 (1865, No. 3006), in 5 st. Translated as "Softly slumber, softly slumber," by E. Massie, in the Day of Rest, 1878.
ix. Geist des Lebens, heil'ge Gabe. Whitsuntide. Written at Sulz for Whitsuntide, 1828 (Koch, vii. 225). First published in his Christliche Gedichte, 1829, i. p. 86, in 13 st. Translated as "Thou Spirit, Who dost life impart," by J. Kelly, 1885, p. 63.
x. Hättest du Licht und Heil. The Blessings of Salvation. In his Christliche Gedichte, 1829, i. p. 149, in
7 st. Translated as “Ob, Jesus! had'st Thou not brought near," by C. T. Astley, 1860, p. 30,
xi. Heulend spielen Stürme mit den Schiffen. For
those at Sea. First published in his Christliche Gedicht, 1829, ii. p. 26, in 10 st., entitled "The Walk on the Sea, Matthew xiv. 24-32." Translated as "Howling storms are sporting with the vessel," in L. Rehfuess's Church at Sea, 1868, p. 38.
xii. Ihr Kinder lernt von Anfang gern. Children. Written 1839, and first published in his Christenlieder, 1841, No. 212, in 9 st., entitled "The Use of the Fourth (Fifth) Commandment." Translated as "Betimes O learn, ye children, well," by Dr. G. Walker, 1860, p. 68.
xiii. Jesus, ew'ge Sonne. The Glory of Christ. In his Neuere Gedichte, 1834, ii. p. 50, in 1 st. Translated as “Jesus, everlasting Sun," by J. Kelly, 1885, p. 35.
xiv. Schwellet sanft, ihr weissen Sege. For those at Sea. First published in his Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz,1837, No. 3109, in 5 st. Translated as "Gently swell, ye white sails, driven," in L. Rehfuess's Church at Sea, 1868, p. 13.
xv. Sohn des Vaters, Herr der Ehren. Waiting on God. In his Christliche Gedichte, 1829, i. p. 162, in 3 st. Translated as (1) "Son of the Father! mighty Lord, An answer," by C. T. Astley, 1860, p. 1. (2) "Lord of glory, God's dear Son, Let this thing," &c, by R. Massie, 1864, p. 124.
xvi. Streichet hin, ihr leisen Flügel. The Fleetness of Time. In his Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz, 1837, No. 2903, in 3 st. Translated as "O ye winds of time! still hieing," in L. Rehfuess's Church at Sea, 1868, p. 42.
xvii. Weh' mich vom sanften Mittag an. The Wait¬ing Soul. The original of this hymn is J. Newton's “Breathe from the gentle South, O Lord " (Olney Hymns, 1779, Bk. iii., No. 10). Knapp's translation is full and good, and is included in his Christoterpe, 1837, p. 294, and Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz, 1837, No. 2251. The text tr. is that in S. Hofer's Pilgerharfe, Basel, 1863, No. 118, which begins with st. iii. altered to "O Herr, ich möchte stille sein." Mr. R. Massie was quite unconscious that he was reproducing a hymn of Newton's by a process of double translation. His versions are, (1) "O Lord, I gladly would be still," in the British Herald, June, 1865, p. 85. (2) "Lord, I would still and patient be," in the Day of Rest, 1877, vol. viii. p. 379.
xviii. Wenn ich in stiller Frühe. Morning. In his Christliche Gedichte, 1829, i. p. 25, in 3 st., entitled "The Morning Star." Translated as, (1) "When in the cool, still morning," by R. Massie, in the British Herald, April, 1865, p. 56, and Reid's Praise Book, 1872. (2) "When from my sleep awaking," by R. Massie, in the Day of Res, 1877, p. 375.
xix. Wie hold ist diese Stille. Sunday Morning. Written 1842. In his Gedichte, Neueste Folge, 1843, p. 3, in 7 st. In his Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz, 1850, No 1176 (1865, No. 1217), it begins "Wie süss." Translated as O quiet, silent sweetness," in L. Rehfuess's Church at Sea, 1868, p. 27.
Five additional hymns by Knapp are translated by Dr. H. Mills in his Home Germanicae, 1845 and 1856. A version by Knapp from Caesar Malan is noted under "Non, ce nest pas mourir." [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.]
-- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)
Albert Knapp
Benjamin H. Kennedy
1804 - 1889 Person Name: Benjamin Hall Kennedy Meter: 10.6.10.6.8.8.4 Alterer of "Father of heaven, Who hast created all" in Common Service Book of the Lutheran Church Kennedy, Benjamin Hall, D.D., son of the Rev. Raun Kennedy, sometime Incumbent of St. Paul's, Birmingham, and editor of A Church of England Psalm-Book, &c, 1821 (12th ed. 1848), was born at Summer Hill, near Birmingham, Nov. 6, 1804, and educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham; Shrewsbury School; and St. John's College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1827 (First Class Classical Tripos and First Chancellor's Medallist). He was Fellow of his College 1828-36; Head Master of Shrewsbury School, 1836-66; and Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge and Canon of Ely , 1867. Dr. Kennedy took Holy Orders in 1829, and was for some time Prebendaiy in Lichfield Cathedral and Rector of West Felton, Salop. He was elected Hon. Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1880. Besides his Public School Latin Grammar, Palaestra Latina, Palaestra Stili Latini, &c, his editions of some of the Classics, and University Sermons, Dr. Kennedy published the following:—
(1) The Psalter, or the Psalms of David, in English Verse. By a Member of the University of Cambridge, 1860; (2) Hymnologia Christiana, or Psalms & Hymns Selected and Arranged in the Order of the Christian Seasons (quoted in this Dictionary as Kennedy), 1863.
i. From these two works many psalms and hymns have passed into other collections. The following versions of the Psalms first appeared in The Psalter, 1860, and again in the Hymnologia Christiana 1863. In many instances they have undergone considerable alteration in the latter work, and those of great length are broken into parts:—
1. All ye people, come and clap, &c. Ps. xlvii.
2. Arise, 0 Lord, with healing rod. Ps. x.
3. As pants the hind for cooling streams. Ps. xlii.
4. As Thy mercy lasts for ever. Ps. cix.
5. Be merciful to me, 0 God. Ps. lvii.
6. Be Thou my Judge, and I will strive. Ps. xvii.
7. Bless ye the Lord, His solemn praise record. Ps. cxxxiv.
8. Bow down Thine ear, and hear my cry. Ps. lxxxvi.
9. Come, ye children, list to me. Ps. xxxiv.
10. Ever, O my God and King. Ps. cxlv.
11. Ever will I bless the Lord. Ps. xxxiv.
12. Every king shall bow before Him. Ps. lxxii.
13. Full oft my chafing thoughts, &c. Ps. lxxiii.
14. God, avert the deadly blow. Ps. lix.
15. God, in Judah's homes is known. Ps. lxxvi.
16. God of my righteousness. Ps. iv.
17. Hear Thou my prayer, O Lord. Ps. cxliii.
18. Help us, O Lord, the good decay. Ps. xii.
19. How blest are they who flee, &c. Ps. cxix.
20. How blest the man, who fears to stray. Ps. i.
21. How blest the man whose errors, &c. Ps. xxxii.
22. How good it is to praise the Lord. Ps. xcii.
23. How long art silent, Lord? how long. Ps. xxxv.
24. How long forgotten, Lord, by Thee. Ps. xiii.
25. How long wilt Thou conceal Thy face. Ps. lxxxix.
26. I lift mine eyes unto the hills. Ps. cxxi.
27. I love the Lord, for He is nigh. Ps. cxvi.
28. I muse upon Thine ancient praise. Ps. lxxvii.
29. I praise Thee, Lord, who o'er my foes. Ps. xxx.
30. I trod the path of life, my strength. Ps. cii.
31. In trouble to the Lord I prayed. Ps. cxx.
32. Jehovah reigns, arrayed in light. Ps. xciii.
33. Judge me, O God; maintain my cause. Ps. xliii.
34. Lord, hear my prayer, and let my cry. Ps. cii.
35. Lord, I am not lofty-minded. Ps. cxxxi.
36. Lord, I lift my soul to Thee. Ps. xxv.
37. Lord, my Rock. I cry to Thee. Ps. xxviii.
38. Lord, save me from the foeman's wrath. Ps. cxl.
39. Lord, Thou wilt guard with faithful love. Ps. xxxvii.
40. Lord, Thy love and truth I praise. Ps. ci.
41. My God, my God, to Thee I cry, Ah! why hast Thou, &c. Ps. xxii.
42. My heart is fain, O God, my heart. Ps. cviii.
43. My portion is the living Lord. Ps. cxix.
44. My Saviour is the living Lord. Ps. xi.
45. My Shepherd is the Lord, no care. Ps. xxiii.
46. My trust is in Thy holy Name. Ps. lxxi.
47. My voice to God ascends on high. Ps. lxxvii.
48. Not in envy, not in anger. Ps. xxxvii.
49. Not in Thy fury, Lord, reprove. Ps. xxxviii.
50. O grant us, God of love. Ps. lxvii.
51. O God, be merciful to me. Ps. li.
52. 0 God of hosts, a vine. Ps. lxxx.
53. 0 God, subdue the power of sin. Ps. vii.
54. O Lord, in Thine accepted day. Ps. lxix.
55. 0 Lord our King, how bright Thy fame. Ps. viii.
56. O Lord, the God of my salvation. Ps. lxxxviii.
57. 0 praise ye the Lord, Praise Him in His shrine. Ps. cl.
58. O rejoice, ye righteous, in the Lord. Ps. xxxiii.
59. Oft, as to scatter kings. Ps. lxviii.
60. Out of the depths to Thee I cry. Ps. cxxx.
61. Praise, O my soul, the Lord and all. Ps. ciii.
62. Praise, 0 my soul, the Lord; how great. Ps. civ.
63. Praise the Lord, for good is He. Ps. cxxxvi.
64. Praise the Lord, for it is wise. Ps. cxlvii.
65. Praise the Lord from heaven on high. Ps. cxlviii.
66. Praise the Lord, His people; raise. Ps. cxlvi.
67. Praise ye the Lord, all nations. Ps. cxvii.
68. Praise ye the Lord, for good is He. Ps. cxviii.
69. Praise ye the Lord, for very good. Ps. cvii.
70. Praised be the Lord, my Rock of might. Ps. cxliv.
71. Save me, O God, the dangerous, &c. Ps. lxix.
72. Save me through Thy name, 0 God. Ps. liv.
73. Seek we Jehovah's house, they said. Ps. cxxii.
74. Sing a new song unto the Lord. Ps. xcvi.
75. Sing the Lord, ye sons of heaven. Ps. xxix.
76. Sing unto the Lord with mirth. Ps. c.
77. Take note, O Lord, of all my fears. Ps. lvi.
78. The heavens declare Thy wondrous fame. Ps. lxxxix.
79. The heavens, O God, Thy glory tell. Ps. xxx.
80. The king, 0 Lord, with hymns of praise. Ps. xxi.
81. The life of man is like the grass. Ps. ciii.
82. The Lord in thy distressful day. Ps. xx.
83. The Lord is King; glad earth, and ye. Ps. xcvii.
84. There is no God, so saith the fool. Ps. xiv.
85. Thou searchest all my secret ways. Ps. cxxxix.
86. To Thee I call. O Lord, be swift. Ps. cxli.
87. 'Twas dream-like, when the Lord's decree. Ps. cxxvi.
88. Unless the Lord with us had wrought. Ps. cxxiv.
89. Unto my feet a lantern shines Thy word. Ps. cxix.
90. Unto the Lord I make my moan. Ps. cxlii.
91. We sat and wept by Babel's stream. Ps. cxxxvii.
92. When Israel came from Egypt's strand. Ps. cxiv.
93. When through the dismal waste. Ps. lxviii.
94. Who rules his life by God's behest. Ps. cxxviii.
95. Whoe'er his secret home has made. Ps. xci.
96. With weary care brought low. Ps. lxix.
97. With my whole heart I will praise Thee. Ps. cxxxviii.
98. Within Thy tabernacle, Lord. Ps. xv.
99. Ye Judges of the earth, be still. Ps. lxxxii.
ii. The following also appeared in The Psalter, 1860, and again in Hymnologia Christiana 1863, mostly altered, and based upon the corresponding Psalms by George Sandys (q.v.), published in his Paraphrase upon the Psalms of David, 1636:—
100. Blest he whose timely mercies heed. Ps. xli.
101. Hide not, 0 Lord, Thy cheering face. Ps. xl.
102. I waited for a gentle word. Ps. xl.
103. Israel of God, be Christ your Guide. Ps. cxv.
104. Who in the Lord securely lay. Ps. cxxv.
iii. To the Rev. A. T. Russell's Psalms & Hymns, 1851, Dr. Kennedy was indebted to a limited extent in preparing his Psalter, 1860. In his Preface he says, p. viii.," Mr. Russell's metres, and occasionally his words, have been adopted in the following Psalms: 2, 24, 39, 45, 46, 50, 84, 85, 90, 110, 111, 113." Of these the following, sometimes with alterations of the 1860 text, were given in the
Benjamin H. Kennedy
John Dahle
1853 - 1931 Meter: 10.6.10.6.8.8.4 Composer of "[O Father, Thou who hast created all]" in The Lutheran Hymnary Born: January 3, 1853, Øystre Slidre, Oppland, Norway.
Dahle emigrated to America in 1877. He was an organist, composer, song leader, music editor, teacher, and authority on hymnology. Dahle taught at Luther Theological Seminary in St. Paul, Minnesota. From 1924 to 1928 he edited a three volume Library of Christian Hymns, with the history of each of the 615 hymns in the Lutheran hymnary.
--www.hymntime.com/tch/
John Dahle
Catherine Winkworth
1827 - 1878 Meter: 10.6.10.6.8.8.4 Translator of "Father of heaven, Who hast created all" in The Hymnal Catherine Winkworth (b. Holborn, London, England, 1827; d. Monnetier, Savoy, France, 1878) is well known for her English translations of German hymns; her translations were polished and yet remained close to the original. Educated initially by her mother, she lived with relatives in Dresden, Germany, in 1845, where she acquired her knowledge of German and interest in German hymnody. After residing near Manchester until 1862, she moved to Clifton, near Bristol. A pioneer in promoting women's rights, Winkworth put much of her energy into the encouragement of higher education for women. She translated a large number of German hymn texts from hymnals owned by a friend, Baron Bunsen. Though often altered, these translations continue to be used in many modern hymnals. Her work was published in two series of Lyra Germanica (1855, 1858) and in The Chorale Book for England (1863), which included the appropriate German tune with each text as provided by Sterndale Bennett and Otto Goldschmidt. Winkworth also translated biographies of German Christians who promoted ministries to the poor and sick and compiled a handbook of biographies of German hymn authors, Christian Singers of Germany (1869).
Bert Polman
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Winkworth, Catherine, daughter of Henry Winkworth, of Alderley Edge, Cheshire, was born in London, Sep. 13, 1829. Most of her early life was spent in the neighbourhood of Manchester. Subsequently she removed with the family to Clifton, near Bristol. She died suddenly of heart disease, at Monnetier, in Savoy, in July, 1878. Miss Winkworth published:—
Translations from the German of the Life of Pastor Fliedner, the Founder of the Sisterhood of Protestant Deaconesses at Kaiserworth, 1861; and of the Life of Amelia Sieveking, 1863.
Her sympathy with practical efforts for the benefit of women, and with a pure devotional life, as seen in these translations, received from her the most practical illustration possible in the deep and active interest which she took in educational work in connection with the Clifton Association for the Higher Education of Women, and kindred societies there and elsewhere. Our interest, however, is mainly centred in her hymnological work as embodied in her:—
(1) Lyra Germanica, 1st Ser., 1855. (2) Lyra Germanica, 2nd Ser., 1858. (3) The Chorale Book for England (containing translations from the German, together with music), 1863; and (4) her charming biographical work, the Christian Singers of Germany, 1869.
In a sympathetic article on Miss Winkworth in the Inquirer of July 20, 1878, Dr. Martineau says:—
"The translations contained in these volumes are invariably faithful, and for the most part both terse and delicate; and an admirable art is applied to the management of complex and difficult versification. They have not quite the fire of John Wesley's versions of Moravian hymns, or the wonderful fusion and reproduction of thought which may be found in Coleridge. But if less flowing they are more conscientious than either, and attain a result as poetical as severe exactitude admits, being only a little short of ‘native music'"
Dr. Percival, then Principal of Clifton College, also wrote concerning her (in the Bristol Times and Mirror), in July, 1878:—
"She was a person of remarkable intellectual and social gifts, and very unusual attainments; but what specially distinguished her was her combination of rare ability and great knowledge with a certain tender and sympathetic refinement which constitutes the special charm of the true womanly character."
Dr. Martineau (as above) says her religious life afforded "a happy example of the piety which the Church of England discipline may implant.....The fast hold she retained of her discipleship of Christ was no example of ‘feminine simplicity,' carrying on the childish mind into maturer years, but the clear allegiance of a firm mind, familiar with the pretensions of non-Christian schools, well able to test them, and undiverted by them from her first love."
Miss Winkworth, although not the earliest of modern translators from the German into English, is certainly the foremost in rank and popularity. Her translations are the most widely used of any from that language, and have had more to do with the modern revival of the English use of German hymns than the versions of any other writer.
-- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)
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See also in:
Hymn Writers of the Church
Catherine Winkworth
Arthur Sullivan
1842 - 1900 Person Name: Arthur S. Sullivan Meter: 10.6.10.6.8.8.4 Composer of "ST. FRANCIS" in The Hymnal Arthur Seymour Sullivan (b Lambeth, London. England. 1842; d. Westminster, London, 1900) was born of an Italian mother and an Irish father who was an army bandmaster and a professor of music. Sullivan entered the Chapel Royal as a chorister in 1854. He was elected as the first Mendelssohn scholar in 1856, when he began his studies at the Royal Academy of Music in London. He also studied at the Leipzig Conservatory (1858-1861) and in 1866 was appointed professor of composition at the Royal Academy of Music. Early in his career Sullivan composed oratorios and music for some Shakespeare plays. However, he is best known for writing the music for lyrics by William S. Gilbert, which produced popular operettas such as H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), The Pirates of Penzance (1879), The Mikado (1884), and Yeomen of the Guard (1888). These operettas satirized the court and everyday life in Victorian times. Although he composed some anthems, in the area of church music Sullivan is best remembered for his hymn tunes, written between 1867 and 1874 and published in The Hymnary (1872) and Church Hymns (1874), both of which he edited. He contributed hymns to A Hymnal Chiefly from The Book of Praise (1867) and to the Presbyterian collection Psalms and Hymns for Divine Worship (1867). A complete collection of his hymns and arrangements was published posthumously as Hymn Tunes by Arthur Sullivan (1902). Sullivan steadfastly refused to grant permission to those who wished to make hymn tunes from the popular melodies in his operettas.
Bert Polman
Arthur Sullivan
